Is there such logging that in the event of a (suspected) data breach or other type of security incident, analyses can be made, such as who accessed, modified or deleted which data, which data was affected, et cetera?

Changes to published datasets are always logged. Changes are processed in so-called minor and major versions of the dataset. The differences between the versions can also be viewed by anyone on the dataset page under the version tab. In addition, the application manager can search in the action log to see which changes have been made by which user.